Amazonian waters, forests and peoples divide into two major groups : those of the alluvial plains and those of the uplands.

Between these two groups can be observed a distinction which is both biogeographical and cultural. Moreover, it can be specified as a geological, evolutionary, ecological, historical, agricultural and economic one.

The exploitation of the amazonian resources often seems to be directed in an unreasonable manner, pretending to ignore the natural restrictions of its environment. So that the traditional adequacy between human life and activities, and on the other the natural environment, is becoming more and more corrupt.

The survival of Amazonia itself is more and more questionable: today, its biological and ecological treasures are jeopardized, due to a continuous dwindling of its cultural diversity, linked to the tragic disappearance of millions of Amerindians